制度土壤与创新之光：2025年诺贝尔经济学奖评述

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文系统评述了2025年诺贝尔经济学奖得主乔尔·莫基尔（Joel Mokyr）、菲利普·阿吉翁（Philippe Aghion）和彼得·豪伊特（Peter Howitt）三位学者对“创新驱动经济增长机制”的奠基性贡献。三位学者从不同维度共同构建了一个理解创新如何驱动经济增长的系统框架：莫基尔从历史视角出发，深刻揭示了支持创新的制度环境与文化信念，强调“开放的知识生态”及“增长的文化”对培育持续创新的基础性作用；阿吉翁与豪伊特基于“熊彼特式增长模型”，将“创造性毁灭”的深刻见解转化为可验证的微观机制，阐明了竞争与创新之间的“倒U型”关系和“逃逸竞争效应”：企业为追求垄断租金而进行“质量阶梯”式创新，增长是创造与毁灭的动态平衡。他们的研究承继并超越了索洛、罗默、熊彼特及制度学派理论，共同表明持续的经济增长依赖于一套能够激励创新、包容失败并确保知识自由流动的生态系统。这对我国新时代以创新驱动经济高质量发展的制度启示在于：要实现从“追赶范式”向“前沿范式”的战略转型，必须超越单纯的研发投入，致力于营造鼓励探索的文化氛围、构建公平竞争的市场机制、实施与发展阶段相匹配的精细化产业政策，为引领型创新奠定坚实的制度与文化根基。

关键词: 制度经济学, 经济增长, 创新驱动, 文化环境, 创造性毁灭

Abstract: This paper provides a systematic review of the foundational contributions made by Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt, the 2025 Nobel laureates in Economics, to the understanding of “innovation-driven economic growth”. The three scholars jointly constructed a systematic framework for understanding how innovation drives economic growth from different dimensions: Mokyr, adopting a historical perspective, profoundly revealed the importance of the institutional environments and cultural beliefs that sustain innovation, emphasizing the foundational role of an open knowledge ecology and a culture of growth in nurturing sustained innovative dynamism; meanwhile, Aghion and Howitt, building on the Schumpeterian growth model, transformed the insight of “creative destruction” into verifiable micro-mechanisms, articulating the inverted-U relationship between competition and innovation and the “escape-competition effect”, which means firms engage in “quality‐ladder” type innovations in pursuit of monopoly rents, thereby constructing a dynamic balance between creation and destruction. Their research inherits and extends the theoretical traditions of Solow, Romer, Schumpeter, and the institutional school, collectively demonstrating that sustained economic growth depends on an ecosystem that fosters innovation, tolerates failure, and ensures the free flow of knowledge. The institutional implications for China’s new era of innovation-driven high-quality economic development are as follows: To achieve a strategic shift from the “catch-up paradigm” to the “frontier paradigm”, it is necessary to move beyond simply increasing research and development investments. The focus must be on fostering a culture that encourages exploration, establishing a fair and competitive market mechanism, and implementing tailored industrial policies that align with different stages of development. These efforts will lay a solid institutional and cultural foundation for leading innovation.

Key words: institutional economics, economic growth, innovation-driven development, cultural environment, creative destruction

刘梦, 柳卸林. 制度土壤与创新之光：2025年诺贝尔经济学奖评述[J]. 管理评论, 2025, 37(10): 3-9.

Liu Meng, Liu Xielin. Institutional Foundations and the Spark of Innovation: A Commentary on the 2025 Nobel Prize in Economics[J]. Management Review, 2025, 37(10): 3-9.

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