项目网络结构多尺度研究方法——以PPP社会资本项目网络的演化研究为例

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 项目网络主体交互过程的动态性、交互关系的多样性使得项目网络结构呈现出复杂性系统特征。本文运用复杂网络的多尺度理论，构建项目网络从宏观到中观再到微观的多尺度分析框架，并且对PPP项目网络进行实证研究。研究发现，在全局结构层，PPP项目网络呈现出自组织特征，项目网络中存在项目合作和战略合作两种组织合作机制。在社团聚类层，优先依附效应致使超级企业在项目网络中拥有愈来愈强的合作关系，并连同地理邻近效应共同塑造了聚类网络结构。在微观结构层，模体构成了组织之间合同治理和非合同治理的基础，且嵌入性机制揭示了PPP组织在微观层面的合作轨迹。此外，不同付费机制下，PPP社会资本组织承担的风险越高，其在宏观层面的强强联合特征、中观层面的聚类特征和微观结构中模体构成的比例就越显著。本研究的创新点在于揭示了PPP项目网络在三个层次上的合作机制，分析了时间和多尺度两个维度的演化特征，并考虑不同付费机制下PPP组织的多尺度合作特征差异。本研究为政府分析PPP项目网络提供了多尺度框架，从而有助于理解PPP组织合作行为，并且为社会资本组织提供了行业合作全景图，同时为项目网络结构的研究提供了新视角。

关键词: 项目网络, 多尺度, PPP, 模体, 组织合作机制

Abstract: The dynamic nature of the interaction processes and the diversity of interaction relationships within the project network contribute to the complex system characteristics of its structure. This paper employs the multi-scale theory of complex networks to construct a multi-scale analysis framework for project networks, ranging from macroscopic to microscopic levels, and empirically investigates the PPP project network. The study reveals that, at the global structural level, the PPP project network exhibits self-organizing characteristics, featuring two organizational collaboration mechanisms: project cooperation and strategic cooperation. At the community clustering level, the preferential attachment effect leads super-enterprises to develop increasingly stronger collaborative relationships in the project network, coupled with the geographical proximity effect shaping the clustering network structure. At the micro level, motifs form the foundation for contractual and non-contractual governance among organizations, while the embeddedness mechanism reveals the cooperative trajectories of PPP organizations at the micro level. Furthermore, under different payment mechanisms, PPP private-sector organizations, assuming higher risks, exhibit more pronounced characteristics in terms of strong alliances at the macro level, clustering features at the meso level, and motif composition proportions in the microstructure. The innovation of this study lies in uncovering cooperative mechanisms in the PPP project network at three levels, analyzing the evolutionary features in terms of time and multi-scale dimensions, and considering the multi-scale cooperative characteristics of PPP organizations under different payment mechanisms. This study provides a multi-scale framework for the government to analyze PPP project networks, aiding in understanding cooperative behaviors among PPP organizations. Additionally, it offers a comprehensive industry cooperation landscape for private-sector organizations and introduces a new perspective for the study of project network structures.

Key words: project network, multi-scale approach, PPP, motif, collaboration mechanism

冯晓威, 曹吉鸣, 刘亮, 付立欣. 项目网络结构多尺度研究方法——以PPP社会资本项目网络的演化研究为例[J]. 管理评论, 2025, 37(1): 189-202.

Feng Xiaowei, Cao Jiming, Liu Liang, Fu Lixin. Multi-scale Research Method of Project Network Structure: The Case of PPP Project Network[J]. Management Review, 2025, 37(1): 189-202.

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