社会企业家公共服务动机对社会企业绩效的影响:商业模式创新的中介作用

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 社会企业对解决社会问题、打破福利僵局、促进社会可持续发展有重要作用,如何提升社会企业绩效受到了学界的关注。公共服务动机作为推动社会企业家发展社会企业的内在动力,对社会企业绩效有重要影响。然而社会企业家公共服务动机通过何种内在机制影响社会企业绩效并没有得到系统的阐释与实证研究。基于此,本研究基于高阶梯队理论,探讨社会企业家公共服务动机对社会企业绩效的影响机制,包括商业模式创新的中介作用和环境动荡性的调节作用。对198家社会企业的调查数据分析结果表明,公共服务动机对社会企业的经济绩效与社会绩效有显著的正向影响。新颖型商业模式创新在公共服务动机和社会企业的经济绩效与社会绩效间发挥中介作用。效率型商业模式创新在公共服务动机和社会企业的经济绩效间发挥中介作用。环境动荡性正向调节公共服务动机对效率型商业模式创新和新颖型商业模式创新的作用。研究结论丰富了社会企业绩效的前因研究,揭示了公共服务动机影响社会企业绩效的内在机制和边界条件,同时也为提高社会企业绩效提供了新思路。

关键词: 社会企业绩效, 效率型商业模式创新, 新颖型商业模式创新, 公共服务动机, 环境动荡性

Abstract: Social enterprises play an important role in solving social problems, breaking welfare deadlock and promoting social sustainable development. How to improve the performance of social enterprises has attracted academic attention. Public service motivation, as the internal power that drives social entrepreneurs to develop social enterprises, has an important impact on the performance of social enterprises. However, the internal mechanism of how public service motivation of social entrepreneurs affects the performance of social enterprises has not been systematically explained and empirically studied. Based on the upper echelons theory, this study examines the mechanism of how social entrepreneurs' public service motivation influences social enterprise performance, including the mediating role of business model innovation and the moderating role of environmental dynamism. By analyzing the survey data from 198 social enterprises, we find that public service motivation has a positive effect on social enterprise performance. Novelty-centered business model innovation plays a mediating role between public service motivation and social enterprise performance. Efficiency-centered business model innovation mediates the relationship between public service motivation and economic performance of social enterprises. Environmental dynamism positively moderates the relationship between public service motivation and efficiency-centered business model innovation. Environmental dynamism significantly moderates the relationships between public service motivation and novelty-centered business model innovation. The results enrich the research on antecedents of social enterprise performance, and reveal the internal mechanism and the boundary condition of public service motivation affecting social enterprise performance. This study also provides practical implications for improving social enterprise performance.

Key words: social enterprise performance, efficiency-centered business model innovation, novelty-centered business model innovation, public service motivation, environmental dynamism

吴剑琳, 陶妍妮, 吕萍. 社会企业家公共服务动机对社会企业绩效的影响:商业模式创新的中介作用[J]. 管理评论, 2023, 35(8): 85-99.

Wu Jianlin, Tao Yanni, Lv Ping. The Impact of Public Service Motivation on Social Enterprise Performance: The Mediating Role of Business Model Innovation[J]. Management Review, 2023, 35(8): 85-99.

参考文献

[1] 白彦壮,张莹,薛杨.社会性企业成长过程及其自组织演化机理——创业生态系统视角的研究[J].科技进步与对策, 2017,34(4):84-89
[2] 李姗姗,黄群慧.社会创业导向、跨界搜索与社会企业绩效:市场环境的调节作用[J].科技进步与对策, 2022,39(2):60-69
[3] Shin C. How Social Entrepreneurs Affect Performance of Social Enterprises in Korea:The Mediating Effect of Innovativeness[J]. Sustainability, 2018,10(8):2643
[4] Hambrick D. C., Mason A. P. Upper Echelons:The Organization as a Reflection of Its Top Managers[J]. Academy of Management Review, 1984,9(2):193-206
[5] Perry J. L., Hondeghem A. Motivation in Public Management:The Call of Public Service[M]. Oxford:Oxford University Press, 2008
[6] Ghalwash S., Tolba A., Ismail A. What Motivates Social Entrepreneurs to Start Social Ventures? An Exploratory Study in the Context of a Developing Economy[J]. Social Enterprise Journal, 2017,13(3):268-298
[7] Stephan U., Uhlaner L. M., Stride C. Institutions and Social Entrepreneurship:The Role of Institutional Voids, Institutional Support, and Institutional Configurations[J]. Journal of International Business Studies, 2015,46(3):308-331
[8] Kim T. H., Moon M. J. Using Social Enterprises for Social Policy in South Korea:Do Funding and Management Affect Social and Economic Performance? [J]. Public Administration and Development, 2017,37(1):15-27
[9] 张秀娥,张坤.创业导向对新创社会企业绩效的影响——资源拼凑的中介作用与规制的调节作用[J].科技进步与对策, 2018,35(9):91-99
[10] 汪忠,詹旎萍,王爽爽.社会创投、资源获取与社会企业绩效关系研究[J].财经理论与实践, 2019,40(1):84-89
[11] Liu G., Eng T., Takeda S. An Investigation of Marketing Capabilities and Social Enterprise Performance in the UK and Japan[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 2015,39(2):267-298
[12] Bacq S., Eddleston K. A. A Resource-based View of Social Entrepreneurship:How Stewardship Culture Benefits Scale of Social Impact[J]. Journal of Business Ethics, 2018,152(3):589-611
[13] Weber C., Weidner K., Kroeger A., et al. Social Value Creation in Inter-Organizational Collaborations in the Not-for-Profit Sector-Give and Take from a Dyadic Perspective[J]. Journal of Management Studies, 2017,54(6):929-956
[14] Cheah J., Amran A., Yahya S. Internal Oriented Resources and Social Enterprises' Performance:How can Social Enterprises Help Themselves before Helping Others? [J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019,211:607-619
[15] Thorgren S., Omorede A. Passionate Leaders in Social Entrepreneurship:Exploring an African Context[J]. Business & Society, 2018,57(3):481-524
[16] Cho S., Kim A. Relationships between Entrepreneurship, Community Networking, and Economic and Social Performance in Social Enterprises:Evidence from South Korea[J]. Human Service Organizations:Management, Leadership & Governance, 2017,41(4):376-388
[17] Hamel G. Leading the Revolution:An Interview with Gary Hamel[J]. Strategy & Leadership, 2001,29(1):4-10
[18] Mongelli L., Rullani F. Inequality and Marginalisation:Social Innovation, Social Entrepreneurship and Business Model Innovation:The Common Thread of the DRUID Summer Conference 2015[J]. Industry and Innovation, 2017,24(5):446-467
[19] Chen W. H., Liu Y. Y. How does Top Management Team Diversity Matter in Abruptly Dynamic Environments? [J]. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 2018,19(3):521-543
[20] Dess G., Davis P. Porter's Generic Strategies as Determinants of Strategic Group Membership and Performance[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1984,27(3):467-488
[21] Li D., Liu J. Dynamic Capabilities, Environmental Dynamism, and Competitive Advantage:Evidence from China[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2014,67(1):2793-2799
[22] 乔朋华,张悦,许为宾,等.管理者心理韧性、战略变革与企业成长——基于香港联合证券交易所中资上市公司的实证研究[J].管理评论, 2022,34(2):269-280
[23] Jensen U. T., Vestergaard C. F. Public Service Motivation and Public Service Behaviors:Testing the Moderating Effect of Tenure[J]. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 2017,27(1):52-67
[24] Loon N. M. V., Vandenabeele W., Leisink P. Clarifying the Relationship between Public Service Motivation and In-Role and Extra-Role Behaviors:The Relative Contributions of Person-Job and Person-Organization Fit[J]. American Review of Public Administration, 2017,47(6):699-713
[25] Schott C., Van Kleef D. D., Steen T. What does It Mean and Imply to Be Public Service Motivated? [J]. American Review of Public Administration, 2015,45(6):689-707
[26] 孟凡蓉,马新奕.公共服务动机与工作绩效的关系研究[J].统计与决策, 2010,(17):107-109
[27] 陈振明,林亚清.政府部门领导关系型行为影响下属变革型组织公民行为吗? ——公共服务动机的中介作用和组织支持感的调节作用[J].公共管理学报, 2016,13(1):11-20
[28] Jensen U. T., Andersen L. B. Public Service Motivation, User Orientation, and Prescription Behaviour:Doing Good for Society or for the Individual User? [J]. Public Administration, 2015,93(3):753-768
[29] Christopoulos D., Vogl S. The Motivation of Social Entrepreneurs:The Roles, Agendas and Relations of Altruistic Economic Actors[J]. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 2015,6(1):1-30
[30] Ruskin J., Seymour R. G., Webster C. M. Why Create Value for Others? An Exploration of Social Entrepreneurial Motives[J]. Journal of Small Business Management, 2016,54(4):1015-1037
[31] Boluk K. A., Mottiar Z. Motivations of Social Entrepreneurs:Blurring the Social Contribution and Profits Dichotomy[J]. Social Enterprise Journal, 2014,10(1):53-68
[32] Herman R. D., Renz D. O. Theses on Nonprofit Organizational Effectiveness[J]. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 1999,28(2):107-126
[33] 高传胜.社会企业的包容性治理功用及其发挥条件探讨[J].中国行政管理, 2015,(3):66-70
[34] 刘振,乐国林,李志刚.双重驱动因素与社会企业成长绩效——市场合法化的中介作用[J].科学学与科学技术管理, 2016,37(9):114-128
[35] Hynes B. Growing the Social Enterprise——Issues and Challenges[J]. Social Enterprise Journal, 2009,5(2):114-125
[36] Bahn S. S., Sang P. K., Ryu J. H., et al. The Impact of Social Entrepreneurship, Organizational Culture and Network Activity on the Performance in the Social Enterprise[J]. Productivity Review, 2011,25(3):49-82
[37] Ilac E. J. D. Exploring Social Enterprise Leadership Development through Phenomenological Analysis[J]. Social Enterprise Journal, 2018,14(3):268-288
[38] Braga J. C., Proença T., Ferreira M. R. Motivations for Social Entrepreneurship-Evidences from Portugal[J]. Review of Applied Management Studies, 2014,12(1):11-21
[39] Zott C., Amit R. H. Business Model Design and the Performance of Entrepreneurial Firms[J]. Organization Science, 2007,18(2):181-199
[40] Zott C., Amit R. H. The Fit between Product Market Strategy and Business Model:Implications for Firm Performance[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2008,29(1):1-26
[41] Kim W. C., Mauborgne R. Creating New Market Space[J]. Harvard Business Review, 1999,77(1):83-93
[42] Yu B., Hao S., Wang Y. Organizational Search and Business Model Innovation:The Moderating Role of Knowledge Inertia[J]. Journal of Knowledge Management, 2020,24(7):1705-1718
[43] 易朝辉,周思思,任胜钢.资源整合能力与科技型小微企业创业绩效研究[J].科学学研究, 2018,36(1):123-130
[44] Janssen F., Fayolle A., Wuilaume A. Researching Bricolage in Social Entrepreneurship[J]. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 2018,30(3-4):450-470
[45] Yunus M., Moingeon B., Lehmann-Ortega L. Building Social Business Models:Lessons from the Grameen Experience[J]. Long Range Planning, 2010,43(2-3):308-325
[46] 刘志阳,金仁旻.社会企业的商业模式:一个基于价值的分析框架[J].学术月刊, 2015,47(3):100-108
[47] Olofsson S., Hoveskog M., Halila F. Journey and Impact of Business Model Innovation:The Case of a Social Enterprise in the Scandinavian Electricity Retail Market[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018,175:70-81
[48] Nadkarni S., Herrmann P. O. L. CEO Personality, Strategic Flexibility, and Firm Performance:The Case of the Indian Business Process Outsourcing Industry[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2010,53(5):1050-1073
[49] Ahn J. M. The Hierarchical Relationships between CEO Characteristics, Innovation Strategy and Firm Performance in Open Innovation[J]. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 2020,24(1):31-52
[50] Roper J., Cheney G. The Meanings of Social Entrepreneurship Today[J]. Corporate Governance, 2005,5(3):95-104
[51] 魏泽龙,张琳倩,魏泽盛,等.商业模式设计与企业绩效:战略柔性的调节作用[J].管理评论, 2019,31(11):171-182
[52] Prabhu G. N. Social Entrepreneurial Leadership[J]. Career Development International, 1999,4(3):140-145
[53] 阎婧,刘志迎,郑晓峰.环境动态性调节作用下的变革型领导、商业模式创新与企业绩效[J].管理学报, 2016,13(8):1208-1214
[54] Ko W. W., Liu G., Wan Yusoff W. T., et al. Social Entrepreneurial Passion and Social Innovation Performance[J]. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 2019,48(4):759-783
[55] Wang Z., Zhou Y. Business Model Innovation, Legitimacy and Performance:Social Enterprises in China[J]. Management Decision, 2020,59(11):2693-2712
[56] 周琪,苏敬勤,长青,等.战略导向对企业绩效的作用机制研究:商业模式创新视角[J].科学学与科学技术管理, 2020,41(10):74-92
[57] 邹国庆,尹雪婷.商业模式设计与技术创新战略对企业绩效的协同效应[J].吉林大学社会科学学报, 2019,59(4):30-38
[58] 许治,陈郑逸帆,朱明晶.企业持续创新必然促进业绩增长? ——基于环境动荡性调节效应的分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理, 2020,41(12):3-19
[59] Cao Q., Simsek Z., Jansen J. CEO Social Capital and Entrepreneurial Orientation of the Firm Bonding and Bridging Effects[J]. Journal of Management, 2015,41(7):1957-1981
[60] Perry J. L. Measuring Public Service Motivation:An Assessment of Construct Reliability and Validity[J]. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 1996,(1):5-22
[61] Kim S., Vandenabeele W., Wright B. E., et al. Investigating the Structure and Meaning of Public Service Motivation across Populations:Developing an International Instrument and Addressing Issues of Measurement Invariance[J]. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 2013,23(1):79-102
[62] Jansen J. J. P., Van Den Bosch F. A. J., Volberda H. W. Exploratory Innovation, Exploitative Innovation, and Performance:Effects of Organizational Antecedents and Environmental Moderators[J]. Management Science, 2006,52(11):1661-1674
[63] 余晓敏,张强,赖佐夫.国际比较视野下的中国社会企业[J].经济社会体制比较, 2011,(1):157-165
[64] Podsakoff P. M., MacKenzie S. B., Lee J. Y., et al. Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research:A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2003,88(5):879-903
[65] Baron R. M., Kenny D. A. The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research:Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations[J]. Chapman and Hall, 1986,51(6):1173-1182
[66] Cohen P., West S. G., Aiken L. S. Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences[M]. London:Psychology Press, 2014
[67] Auh S., Menguc B. Performance Implications of the Direct and Moderating Effects of Centralization and Formalization on Customer Orientation[J]. Industrial Marketing Management, 2007,36(8):1022-1034
[68] Wang M., Zhang Q., Wang Y., et al. Governing Local Supplier Opportunism in China:Moderating Role of Institutional Forces[J]. Journal of Operations Management, 2016,46(1):84-94
[69] Hirst G., Van Knippenberg D., Chen C., et al. How does Bureaucracy Impact Individual Creativity? A Cross-level Investigation of Team Contextual Influences on Goal Orientation-creativity Relationships[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2011,54(3):624-641
[70] Hamilton B. H., Nickerson J. A. Correcting for Endogeneity in Strategic Management Research[J]. Strategic Organization, 2003,1(1):51-78
[71] 郑刚,陈箫,胡珊.社会创业、合法性构建与社会企业成长——基于深圳残友集团的纵向案例研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理, 2022,43(1):124-137
[72] 谢雪燕,郭媛媛,朱晓阳,等.融资约束、企业家精神与企业绩效关系的实证分析[J].统计与决策, 2018,34(20):180-184