中国家族企业创新绩效测评——基于“中国企业-劳动力匹配调查(CEES)”的实证解释

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 作为中国企业最重要的组成部分之一,家族企业创新能力的强弱对于中国经济的创新转型起到了不容忽视的重要作用。运用2018年“中国企业—劳动力匹配调查”(CEES)①数据,本文从创新投入、创新产出两个维度出发,就中国家族企业与非家族企业的创新差异、不同代际家族企业的创新异质性等问题展开了较为详细的实证研究。基准回归表明,在充分引入企业年龄、所有制特征、技术溢出、创新集聚、行业与地区特征和共同时间趋势的前提下,现阶段中国家族企业呈现出较为显著的“低创新”特征,其不仅体现在研发支出、有效专利数量分别较非家族企业偏低72.22%和17.15%,而且在有效发明专利、生产方法创新和辅助性生产系统创新等领域,家族企业的创新表现也显著偏低。稳健性检验表明,在有效解决测度误差、因果倒置和遗漏变量等问题之后,家族企业的“低创新”特征仍稳健存在。进一步分析发现,家族企业的创新偏低主要集中于市场竞争较充分的地区和行业;与一代家族企业相比,二代家族企业的创新投入、创新产出均相对偏高。内在机制检验表明,企业家能力、管理质量是引致家族企业与非家族企业创新差异、不同代际家族企业存在创新异质性的重要原因。工具变量估计策略有力支持了家族企业“低创新”特征满足因果推断的统计要求。

关键词: 家族企业, 创新, 中国企业-劳动力匹配调查

Abstract: Family firms are one of the most important components of Chinese enterprises and the level of their innovation capability bears heavily on the overall innovation and transformation of the Chinese economy. Drawing on data from a random sample of manufacturing firms collected in 2018 from China Employer-Employee Survey ( CEES), we select two dimensions of innovation input and innovation output to make a robust empirical analysis on the innovation differences between family enterprises and non-family ones. Benchmark regression shows that under the premise of effectively controlling the duration, ownership type, technology spillover, innovation agglomeration and fixed effect of industry, region and year, the R&D investment and valid patents are significantly lower at family firms than at non-family ones. Moreover, in the fields of effective invention patent, production method innovation and auxiliary production system innovation, family firms’ innovation performance is significantly lower. After solving the measurement error, causal inversion and omission of variables, the robustness test shows that the “low innovation” feature of family firms is still robust. Further analysis shows that the poor innovation performance of family firms are mainly concentrated in the regions and industries with sufficient market competition. Compared with first-generation family firms, the innovation inputs and outputs of second-generation family firms are relatively high. The mechanism test shows that the low entrepreneurial ability and management quality are the important reasons for the innovation differences between family firms and non-family ones and the innovation heterogeneity of family firms managed by different generations. The use of instrumental variable estimation strongly supports the poor innovation performance of family firms.

Key words: family firms, innovation, China Employer-Employee Survey

李青, 李唐, 宁璐. 中国家族企业创新绩效测评——基于“中国企业-劳动力匹配调查(CEES)”的实证解释[J]. 管理评论, 2022, 34(8): 108-122.

Li Qing, Li Tang, Ning Lu. The Innovation Performance Measurement of Family Firms in China: An Empirical Explanation Based on the China Employer-Employee Survey[J]. Management Review, 2022, 34(8): 108-122.

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