管理评论

管理评论 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 62-75.

• 经济与金融管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

我国要素配置优化的着力点在哪？——基于多维度要素配置扭曲程度的比较分析

陈翼然1, 李贻东1, 靳来群1, 张瑞2   

  1. 1. 宁波大学商学院, 宁波 315211;
    2. 宁波财经学院财富管理学院, 宁波 315175
  • 收稿日期:2021-06-08 出版日期:2022-02-28 发布日期:2022-03-24
  • 通讯作者: 李贻东（通讯作者），宁波大学商学院硕士研究生
  • 作者简介:陈翼然，宁波大学商学院讲师，博士;靳来群，宁波大学商学院副教授，硕士生导师，博士;张瑞，宁波财经学院财富管理学院助教，硕士
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省哲学社会科学规划重大招标课题（20XXJC03ZD）；浙江省软科学研究计划项目（2020C35042）。

Where Are the Entry Points to Optimizing China's Factors Allocation?——A Comparative Analysis Based on the Seriousness of Multi-dimensional Factors Misallocation

Chen Yiran1, Li Yidong1, Jin Laiqun1, Zhang Rui2   

  1. 1. School of Business, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211;
    2. College of Management, Ningbo University of Finance & Economics, Ningbo 315175
  • Received:2021-06-08 Online:2022-02-28 Published:2022-03-24

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摘要： 要素配置体制改革是实现我国经济高质量增长的关键，然而其中一个重要问题：我国要素配置优化的着力点在哪？通过引入中间投入要素，并放松生产函数规模报酬不变的假设，本文对我国制造业要素配置扭曲程度展开多维度分析。结果表明：（1）尽管在结构性改革政策下，2015年开始我国各类部门间错配有所缓解，但是部门内企业间错配在2008年后呈现加重趋势，使得2008年后我国整体资源错配问题逐年加重，尤其是中间投入错配。截至2018年资源错配导致我国TFP损失了10.23%，其中资本错配最为严重，中间投入错配其次，劳动错配最轻。（2）纵向比较而言，部门内企业间错配比部门间错配更为严重。而就部门间错配而言，行业间错配最为严重，地区间其次，所有制间最轻，分生产要素后也是如此。（3）分部门内部而言，纺织业、石油化学工业、机械电子业，东南与西部地区，以及地方国有部门内部的错配问题相对严重或逐年快速加重，亟需解决。（4）就结构性改革方向，机械电子业的资本投入、冶金业的劳动投入，东南地区的各类要素投入，以及非国有企业的中间投入都严重不足，亟待弥补。

关键词: 多维度扭曲, 部门间错配, 部门内企业间错配, TFP损失

Abstract: The reform of factors allocation system is the key to China’s high-quality economic growth. However, an important question is: where are the entry points to optimizing China’s factors allocation? By introducing intermediate input and loosening the assumption that production function has constant returns to scale, this paper makes a multi-dimensional analysis on the misallocation in China’s manufacturing industry. The results show that: (1) Although under the structural reform policy, the inter-sector misallocation has eased up since 2015, that among intra-sector companies has intensified since 2008, which made the overall misallocation worse year by year, especially the intermediate input misallocation. As of 2018, misallocation had caused a 10.23% loss to China’s TFP, with capital, intermediate input and labor being misallocated resepctively to the most, the less and the least extent. (2) By vertical comparison, the intra-sector misallocation is more serious than inter-sector misallocations. So far as the inter-sector misallocation is concerned, the inter-industry, inter-region and inter-ownership misallocations occur resepctively to the most, the less and the least extent. The same is true of the result of the comparison by factors. (3) In terms of intra-sector misallocation, that in the textile industry, petrochemical industry, machinery and electronics industry, southeast and western regions, and local state-owned sectors is relatively serious or rapidly increasing year by year, which needs to be solved urgently. (4) In terms of the structural reform direction, capital in machinery and electronics, labor in metallurgy, various factors in the eastern region and intermediate input in non-state-owned companies are seriously insufficient, which need to be made up.

Key words: multidimensional distortion, inter-sector misallocation, intra-sector misallocation, TFP loss