中国政府采购政策促进环境质量改善了吗？——基于空间计量的实证评估

管理评论 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 311-322.

中国政府采购政策促进环境质量改善了吗？——基于空间计量的实证评估

桂黄宝¹, 胡珍¹, 孙璞¹, 刘奇祥²

1. 华北水利水电大学管理与经济学院, 郑州 450046;
2. 哈尔滨工程大学经济管理学院, 哈尔滨 150001

收稿日期:2020-06-23 出版日期:2021-02-28 发布日期:2021-03-08
通讯作者: 桂黄宝(通讯作者),华北水利水电大学管理与经济学院教授,博士生导师,博士
作者简介:胡珍,华北水利水电大学管理与经济学院硕士研究生;孙璞,华北水利水电大学管理与经济学院硕士研究生;刘奇祥,哈尔滨工程大学经济管理学院博士研究生。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（U1504706）；河南省高等学校哲学社会科学创新团队支持计划（2019-CXTD-08）；河南省重点研发与推广专项（软科学研究）重点项目（192400410012）。

Has Chinese Public Procurement Policy Promoted Regional Environmental Quality Improvement?——An Empirical Evaluation Based on Spatial Econometrics

Gui Huangbao¹, Hu Zhen¹, Sun Pu¹, Liu Qixiang²

1. School of Management and Economics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046;
2. School of Economics and Management, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001

Received:2020-06-23 Online:2021-02-28 Published:2021-03-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 政府采购政策作为世界各国政府部门重要的环境政策之一，近年来已引起国内外的广泛关注。长期以来，中国政府将环境保护和节约能源作为政府采购政策的重要目标之一，实践上也取得卓有成效的进展，但关于中国政府采购对环境质量改善的政策效果进行科学评估则鲜有涉及。鉴于此，本文通过构建空间计量模型，采用2001—2017年省际面板数据，对中国30个省份的政府采购政策是否改善了环境质量这一重要科学问题进行探索，研究发现：（1）中国环境污染在地理空间上存在较为显著的空间相关性。（2）总体而言，中国政府采购政策促进区域环境质量改善的政策效果并不明显。实证结果表明，中国政府采购政策与区域环境污染程度呈正相关性，但在10%的水平下不显著，这说明中国政府采购政策对促进环境质量改善的作用并不明显。（3）在建立政府强制采购节能产品制度和加入《政府采购协议》（GPA）前后，中国政府采购政策对区域环境质量改善的作用存在显著差异。在此之前，中国政府采购政策与环境污染程度的关系呈显著的正相关，表明政府采购规模扩大抑制了环境质量的改善；但在此之后，二者呈现负相关关系，且在5%的水平下显著，这说明近年来中国政府采购政策对环境质量具有明显的改善作用。最后，本文从加强制度设计，健全政府绿色采购的法律体系；合理利用国际规则，构筑符合中国利益的采购体系；设立绿色采购部门，完善绩效考核与监督奖惩机制等方面提出了政策启示，以期为未来改进和完善中国政府采购政策提供科学依据。

关键词: 政府采购, 环境质量改善, 空间计量, 环境污染指数

Abstract: Government procurement policy, as one of the important environmental policies in the world, has attracted widespread attention in recent years. For a long time, the Chinese government has taken environmental protection and energy conservation as one of the important goals of government procurement policy, and fruitful progress has been made in practice. However, the scientific evaluation of the effects of government procurement policy on the improvement of environmental quality is rarely involved. In this study, the important scientific question of whether the policy of 30 provinces and cities in China have improved the environmental quality is explored by constructing spatial econometric models based on Chinese provincial panel data (2001-2017). The research finds that: (1) Environmental pollution in China has a significant spatial correlation in geographical space. (2) The empirical results indicate that Chinese government procurement policy has a positive correlation with the degree of regional environmental pollution with a significant level of less than 10%, which shows that the effect of Chinese government procurement policy in promoting regional environmental quality improvement is not obvious in general. (3) Before and after the establishment of the government compulsory procurement system of energy-saving products and the accession to the government procurement agreement (GPA), the effect of Chinese government procurement policy on the improvement of regional environmental quality has significant differences. Before that, there is a significant positive correlation between the government procurement policy and the degree of environmental pollution, indicating that the expansion of government procurement inhibits the improvement of environmental quality; but after that, there is a negative correlation between the two, which is significant at the level of 5%, which shows that the government procurement policy has an obvious effect on environmental quality in recent years. Finally, this study puts forward policy implications from the aspects of strengthening the system design, improving the legal system of government green procurement; using international rules rationally to build a procurement system in line with China's interests; setting up green procurement departments, improving the performance evaluation and supervision mechanism of rewards and punishments, in order to provide a scientific basis for the improvement and perfection of Chinese government procurement policy in the future.

Key words: public procurement, environmental quality improvement, spatial econometrics, environmental pollution index

桂黄宝, 胡珍, 孙璞, 刘奇祥. 中国政府采购政策促进环境质量改善了吗？——基于空间计量的实证评估[J]. 管理评论, 2021, 33(2): 311-322.

Gui Huangbao, Hu Zhen, Sun Pu, Liu Qixiang. Has Chinese Public Procurement Policy Promoted Regional Environmental Quality Improvement?——An Empirical Evaluation Based on Spatial Econometrics[J]. Management Review, 2021, 33(2): 311-322.

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