均衡还是极化：数据要素与企业创新——基于企业异质性视角的分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 企业创新是引领现代化产业体系建设形成新质生产力的基本路径。数据要素作为新型生产要素，是实现经济增长新旧动能转换的基础。那么，能否通过数据要素激发企业创新活力，发挥企业作为创新主体的效能，从而形成新质生产力？本文基于异质性创新理论，将企业创新分为迭代式创新与突破性创新的企业双元创新，构建了数据要素与企业双元创新的理论模型，从理论上厘清了数据要素对迭代式创新与突破性创新的影响及作用机制；进一步利用2011—2023年上市公司微观数据对理论模型进行实证检验。研究结果表明：①数据要素显著促进了企业迭代式创新和突破性创新，且对迭代式创新的影响程度更大，该结论在经过工具变量的内生性检验以及替换数据要素和企业双元创新的测度指标等一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。②影响机制方面，企业规模对数据要素影响企业双元创新的调节作用表现为双重效应：既增强了数据要素对迭代式创新的驱动形成极化效应，又抑制了数据要素对突破性创新的赋能产生均衡效应。③异质性分析发现，数据要素对高技术密集企业和民营企业的双元创新促进效应尤为突出。本研究为探索数字经济与实体经济深度融合的创新驱动路径以发展新质生产力提供了有益启示。

关键词: 数据要素, 新质生产力, 迭代式创新, 突破性创新, 企业规模

Abstract: Enterprise innovation is the fundamental way to lead the construction of a modern industrial system and form new quality productivity. Data elements are new factors of production and the basis for converting old drivers of economic growth to new ones. So can we use data elements to stimulate the innovation vigor of enterprises, give a boost to the efficiency of their innovation, and form new quality productivity? In this paper, based on the heterogeneous innovation theory, we divide enterprise innovation into iterative and radical innovation, construct a theoretical model of data element and enterprise dual innovation, and theoretically clarify the effect of data element on iterative and radical innovation as well as the mechanism underlying the effect. Microscopic data of listed companies from 2011 to 2023 is further used to empirically test theoretical models. The results show that: (1) Data elements significantly promote the iterative innovation and radical innovation of enterprises, and have a greater impact on the iterative innovation. (2) In terms of influence mechanism, the moderating effect of enterprise size on the influence of data elements on enterprise ambassadors innovation is manifested as a dual effect: it not only enhances the polarization effect of data elements on iterative innovation, but also inhibits the equilibrium effect of data elements on radical innovation. (3) The heterogeneity analysis finds that the data elements have a particularly prominent promoting effect on the dual innovation of high-tech intensive enterprises and private enterprises. This study provides useful insights for exploring the innovation-driven path of deep integration of digital and real economies to develop new quality productivity.

Key words: data elements, new quality productivity, iterative innovations, radical innovations, enterprise scale

万建香, 刘琼芳, 王姗姗, 曹兵斌. 均衡还是极化：数据要素与企业创新——基于企业异质性视角的分析[J]. 管理评论, 2026, 38(8): 121-135.

Wan Jianxiang, Liu Qiongfang, Wang Shanshan, Cao Bingbin. Rebalancing or Polarization: Data Elements and Innovation—An Analysis Based on the Perspective of Enterprise Heterogeneity[J]. Management Review, 2026, 38(8): 121-135.

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