目标双元视角下员工跨界行为的驱动机制研究——基于社会认知理论的fsQCA和NCA分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于“任务-自我”的目标双元分析框架，本文打破以往员工跨界就是“为任务”的潜在假设，从“为自己”的视角入手，对员工跨界行为进行了新的解读。同时，结合社会认知理论，从个体和情境两个层面识别出5个前因条件，探究影响任务导向型跨界和个体提升型跨界行为的不同前因条件组合。以291名企业员工为样本，通过fsQCA和NCA方法发现：①5个前因条件中，不存在引起员工跨界行为的必要条件。②引起任务型跨界行为的相关路径中，个体和情境因素均起着不可忽视的作用，根据其核心条件分布，可归纳为相互匹配型组态。而引发个体提升型跨界行为的路径可以分为两种，一种是个体因素主导、情境因素辅助，另一种则是由个体和情境因素共同驱动，可分别归纳为自我引导和协同驱动两类组态。③通过对比引起两种跨界行为的组态发现，无论是哪种类型的跨界行为，跨界效能感都起着举足轻重的作用，且二者均存在个体和情境因素共同引发的路径，虽然引发因素不尽相同，但部分路径在一定条件下可实现相互转化。此外，个体提升型跨界存在由个体因素主导的路径，从结果上印证了员工跨界行为存在“为自己”的可能。研究结论不仅从理论上为员工跨界行为前因提供了更加全面的解释，也为组织或团队激励员工有效展开跨界行为总结一定的实践启示。

关键词: 任务导向型跨界行为, 个体提升型跨界行为, 模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）, 社会认知理论, 必要性分析（NCA）

Abstract: Based on the duality analysis framework of “task-self”, this study breaks through the implicit assumption that employees’ boundary spanning is “task-oriented”, and introduces a novel interpretation from the perspective of “self-orientation”. By using social cognitive theory, the study identifies five antecedent conditions from both individual and situational levels to examine the varied combinations of antecedent conditions that influence task-oriented and self-enhanced boundary spanning behaviors. Utilizing a sample of 291 corporate employees and employing the fsQCA and NCA methods, the findings reveal: (1) None of the five antecedent conditions constitutes a necessary condition for employees’ boundary spanning behavior. (2) In the paths leading to task-oriented boundary spanning behavior, both individual and situational factors play non-negligible roles, which can be categorized as matching grouping according to the distribution of their core conditions. The paths triggering self-enhanced boundary spanning behavior can be divided into two types: one dominated by individual factors with situational factors as auxiliary, categorized as self-guided grouping, and the other jointly driven by individual and situational factors, classified as synergistic driven groupings. (3) By comparing the configurations including both types of boundary spanning behaviors, it can be found that boundary spanning efficacy plays a pivotal role regardless of the type, and both types have the paths jointly triggered by individual and situational factors. Although the triggering factors are different, some paths can achieve mutual transformation under certain conditions. In addition, self-enhanced boundary spanning has a path dominated by individual factors, which confirms the possibility that employees’ boundary spanning behaviors can be “self-oriented”. This study not only provides a comprehensive theoretical explanation of the antecedents of employees’ boundary spanning behaviors, but also offers practical insights for organizations to effectively motivate employees to engage in boundary spanning behaviors.

Key words: task-oriented boundary spanning behavior, self-enhanced boundary spanning behavior, fsQCA, social cognitive theory, NCA

贺伟, 江旭, 张征. 目标双元视角下员工跨界行为的驱动机制研究——基于社会认知理论的fsQCA和NCA分析[J]. 管理评论, 2026, 38(4): 144-156.

He Wei, Jiang Xu, Zhang Zheng. A Research on the Mechanism Underlying Employees’ Boundary Spanning Behavior from the Goal Dualistic Perspective—fsQCA and NCA Analysis Based on Social Cognitive Theory[J]. Management Review, 2026, 38(4): 144-156.

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