绩效反馈对企业创新资源配置方向的影响——同伴效应的调节作用

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 行为理论相关研究认为企业根据期望水平与实际绩效的差距调整组织实践，但关注的组织实践局限于资源消耗型活动。本研究将创新资源的配置分为资源释放和资源消耗两个相反方向类型，并将二者同时纳入绩效反馈模型分析中。研究发现：绩效落差会激发问题搜索引致的资源释放型创新活动，而绩效顺差会促进冗余搜索导向的资源消耗型创新活动。组织在根据绩效反馈调整资源配置决策时受到同伴行为的影响，管理者倾向于在积极反馈情境中放大同伴的正面信号，而在消极反馈情境中放大同伴的负面信号。同伴效应进一步受到高管过度自信和技术不确定性的调节。

关键词: 行为理论, 绩效反馈, 资源释放, 资源消耗, 同伴效应

Abstract: Research based on the behavioral theory agrees that firms adjust their organizational practices based on the gap between the level of expectation and actual performance, but the organizational practices of concern are limited to resource-consuming activities. In this study, the allocation of innovation resources is categorized into two opposite types: resource-releasing and resource-consuming, and both are included in the analysis of the performance feedback model. It is found that positive discrepancy stimulates resource-releasing innovative activities induced by problem search, while negative discrepancy promotes redundant search-oriented resource-consuming behaviors. Second, organizations are influenced by peer behavior when adjusting resource allocation decisions based on performance feedback, with managers tending to amplify positive signals from peers in positive feedback situations and negative signals from peers when performance feedback is negative. Finally, peer effects are further moderated by executive overconfidence and technological uncertainty.

Key words: behavioral theory, performance feedback, resource releasing, resource consuming, peer effect

郑莹, 刘雨, 张晓月, 黄俊伟. 绩效反馈对企业创新资源配置方向的影响——同伴效应的调节作用[J]. 管理评论, 2025, 37(3): 89-100.

Zheng Ying, Liu Yu, Zhang Xiaoyue, Huang Junwei. The Influence of Performance Feedback on the Direction of Firm Innovation Resource Allocation—Moderating Role of Peer Effects[J]. Management Review, 2025, 37(3): 89-100.

参考文献

[1] Kotiloglu S., Chen Y., Lechler T. Organizational Responses to Performance Feedback: A Meta-analytic Review[J]. Strategic Organization, 2021,19(2):285-311
[2] Greve H. R. Performance, Aspirations, and Risky Organizational Change[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1998,43(1):58-86
[3] Tajaddini R., Gholipour H. F. Economic Policy Uncertainty, R&D Expenditures and Innovation Outputs[J]. Journal of Economic Studies, 2021,48(2):413-427
[4] Keum D. D., Eggers J. P. Setting the Bar: The Evaluative and Allocative Roles of Organizational Aspirations[J]. Organization Science, 2018,29(6):1170-1186
[5] 刘景东,范宁城,肖瑶,等. 绩效反馈还是审时度势:企业研发搜索行为的策略选择研究[J]. 科研管理, 2022,43(12):98-106 Liu J. D., Fan N. C., Xiao Y., et al. Performance Feedback or Judging Situations: A Study of the Strategy Selection in the R&D Search Behavior of Enterprises[J]. Science Research Management, 2022,43(12):98-106
[6] Jiang G. F., Holburn G. L. F. Organizational Performance Feedback Effects and International Expansion[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2018,90:48-58
[7] 王菁,程博,孙元欣. 期望绩效反馈效果对企业研发和慈善捐赠行为的影响[J]. 管理世界, 2014,(8):115-133 Wang J., Cheng B., Sun Y. X. The Effect of Expected Performance Feedback Effect on Corporate R&D and Charitable Giving Behavior[J]. Journal of Management World, 2014,(8):115-133
[8] Gaba V., Bhattacharya S. Aspirations, Innovation, and Corporate Venture Capital: A Behavioral Perspective[J]. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 2012,6(2):178-199
[9] Xu D., Zhou K. Z., Du F. Deviant versus Aspirational Risk Taking: The Effects of Performance Feedback on Bribery Expenditure and R&D Intensity[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2019,62(4):1226-1251
[10] 陈伟宏,钟熙,蓝海林,等. 动态环境下双重期望落差一致性对战略变革的影响研究[J]. 管理评论, 2022,34(4):238-250 Chen W. H., Zhong X., Lan H. L., et al. Research on the Influence of the Consistency of Double Aspiration Losses on Strategic Change under Dynamic Environment[J]. Management Review, 2022,34(4):238-250
[11] 梁肖梅,汪秀琼,叶广宇,等. 绩效反馈理论述评:知识框架与研究展望[J]. 南开管理评论, 2023,26(3):197-212 Liang X. M., Wang X. Q., Ye G. Y., et al. A Review of Performance Feedback Theory: Knowledge Framework and Research Prospects[J]. Nankai Business Review, 2023,26(3):197-212
[12] 魏龙,党兴华. 期望落差、惯例复制与迭代创新:组织即兴的调节作用[J]. 管理评论, 2022,34(10):146-157 Wei L., Dang X. H. Negative Attainment Discrepancy, Routines Replication and Iterative Innovation: The Moderating Effects of Organizational Improvisation[J]. Management Review, 2022,34(10):146-157
[13] 李至圆,钟熙,陈伟宏. 业绩期望差距、管理自主权与企业竞争战略[J]. 管理评论, 2022,34(9):285-296 Li Z. Y., Zhong X., Chen W. H. Performance Aspiration Gap, Managerial Discretion and Enterprise Competitive Strategy[J]. Management Review, 2022,34(9):285-296
[14] Tsinopoulos C., Yan J., Sousa C. M. P. Abandoning Innovation Activities and Performance: The Moderating Role of Openness[J]. Research Policy, 2019,48(6):1399-1411
[15] Kuusela P., Keil T., Maula M. Driven by Aspirations, But in What Direction? Performance Shortfalls, Slack Resources, and Resource-consuming vs. Resource-freeing Organizational Change[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2017,38(5):1101-1120
[16] Hui K., Gong Y., Cui Q., et al. Foreign Investment or Divestment as a Near-term Solution to Performance Shortfalls? The Moderating Role of Vicarious Learning[J]. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 2022,39(4):1481-1509
[17] Gavetti G., Greve H. R., Levinthal D. A., et al. The Behavioral Theory of the Firm: Assessment and Prospects[J]. Academy of Management Annals, 2012,6(1):1-40
[18] Vidal E., Mitchell W. Adding by Subtracting: The Relationship between Performance Feedback and Resource Reconfiguration through Divestitures[J]. Organization Science, 2015,26(4):1101-1118
[19] Li R. Y., Yan K. J., Yao N., et al. Abandoning Innovation Projects, Filing Patent Applications and Receiving Foreign Direct Investment in R&D[J]. Technovation, 2022,114:102435
[20] Jung H. J., Lee Y. G., Park S. H. Just Diverse among Themselves: How does Negative Performance Feedback Affect Boards’ Expertise vs. Ascriptive Diversity?[J]. Organization Science, 2023,34(2):657-679
[21] Posen H. E., Keil T., Kim S., et al. Renewing Research on Problemistic Search-A Review and Research Agenda[J]. Academy of Management Annals, 2018,12(1):208-251
[22] Billinger S., Srikanth K., Stieglitz N., et al. Exploration and Exploitation in Complex Search Tasks: How Feedback Influences Whether and Where Human Agents Search[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2021,42(2):361-385
[23] Kaustia M., Rantala V. Social Learning and Corporate Peer Effects[J]. Journal of Financial Economics, 2015,117(3):653-669
[24] Xiao R., Ma C. A., Song G. R., et al. Does Peer Influence Improve Firms’ Innovative Investment? Evidence from China[J]. Energy Reports, 2022,8:1143-1150
[25] Ploeg M., Knoben J., Vermeulen P. We Are in It Together: Communitarianism and the Performance-Innovation Relationship[J]. Research Policy, 2022,51(5):104507
[26] Tan X., Yan Y., Dong Y. Peer Effect in Green Credit Induced Green Innovation: An Empirical Study from China’s Green Credit Guidelines[J]. Resources Policy, 2022,76:102619
[27] Kim J. Y., Finkelstein S., Haleblian J. All Aspirations Are Not Created Equal: The Differential Effects of Historical and Social Aspirations on Acquisition Behavior[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2015,58(5):1361-1388
[28] Jordan A. H., Audia P. G. Self-enhancement and Learning from Performance Feedback[J]. Academy of Management Review, 2012,37(2):211-231
[29] Eggers J. P., Suh J. H. Experience and Behavior: How Negative Feedback in New versus Experienced Domains Affects Firm Action and Subsequent Performance[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2019,62(2):309-334
[30] Perla J. Product Awareness, Industry Life Cycles, and Aggregate Profits[EB/OL]. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=8926182a6030445f617e1f31f01cdc27ecfe2f9f, 2016-09-15
[31] 汪涛,王星月,冯巧根. 期望绩效反馈与企业数字化转型:居安思危还是穷则思变[J]. 广东财经大学学报, 2023,38(2):46-59 Wang T., Wang X. Y., Feng Q. G. Expected Performance Feedback and Enterprise Digital Transformation: Prosperity-driven or Adversity-driven Path[J]. Journal of Guangdong University of Finance & Economics, 2023,38(2):46-59
[32] 郑莹,黄俊伟. 基于实物期权逻辑对企业专利放弃的新诠释[J]. 科学学研究, 2020,38(6):1086-1095 Zheng Y., Huang J. W. A New Interpretation of Firm Patent Abandonment Based on Real Option Logic[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2020,38(6):1086-1095
[33] Narin F., Noma E., Perry R. Patents as Indicators of Corporate Technological Strength[J]. Research Policy, 1987,16(2-4):143-155
[34] De Carolis D. M., Deeds D. L. The Impact of Stocks and Flows of Organizational Knowledge on Firm Performance: An Empirical Investigation of the Biotechnology Industry[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 1999,20(10):953-968
[35] 余天骄,肖书锋. 企业期望落差强度与持久度对国际化速度的影响研究[J]. 管理评论, 2023,35(4):264-276 Yu T. J., Xiao S. F. Different Dimensions of Aspiration Gap and the Internationalization Pace of Emerging-market Multinationals[J]. Management Review, 2023,35(4):264-276
[36] 王铁男,王宇,赵凤. 环境因素、CEO过度自信与IT投资绩效[J]. 管理世界, 2017,(9):116-128 Wang T. N., Wang Y., Zhao F. Environmental Factors, CEO Overconfidence and IT Investment Performance[J]. Journal of Management World, 2017,(9):116-128
[37] Kor Y. Y., Mahoney J. T., Watson S. The Effects of Demand, Competitive, and Technological Uncertainty on Board Monitoring and Institutional Ownership of IPO Firms[J]. Journal of Management & Governance, 2008,12(3):239-259
[38] Hambrick D. C., D’Aveni R. A. Large Corporate Failures as Downward Spirals[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1988,33(1):1-23
[39] Bourgeois L. J., Singh J. V. Organizational Slack and Political Behavior among Top Management Teams[J]. Academy of Management Proceedings, 1983,(1):43-47
[40] 宫晓云,权小锋,刘希鹏. 供应链透明度与公司避税[J]. 中国工业经济, 2022,(11):155-173 Gong X. Y., Quan X. F., Liu X. P. Supply Chain Transparency and Corporate Tax Avoidance[J]. China Industrial Economics, 2022,(11):155-173
[41] 李佳宁,钟田丽. 企业投资决策同伴效应及其特征的实证检验——基于中国上市公司的面板数据[J]. 中国管理科学, 2019,27(12):22-31 Li J. N., Zhong T. L. Peer Effects in Corporate Investment: Empirical Study Based on Chinese Listed Firms[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2019,27(12):22-31