排污权交易制度是否影响了企业劳动力雇佣结构?——来自中国上市公司SO2排放企业的证据

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 市场型环境规制是解决环境外部性的有效手段，评估环境规制对社会效应的潜在影响是环境政策评估的重要内容。本文基于波特假说、制度遵循成本理论和外部性理论，以及结合局部静态均衡模型探究环境监管对企业劳动力雇佣结构的影响，并探究其影响机制。以2007年SO₂排放权交易试点政策为准自然实验，通过对2004—2018年中国A股SO₂排放企业观测，运用双重差分法揭示了排污权交易制度对企业劳动力雇佣结构的影响。SO₂排放权交易制度对企业劳动力雇佣具有显著的抑制效果，且年度效应呈现逐年递增的趋势。进一步分析发现，排污权交易制度对低技能劳动力具有偏向影响，显著减少了被监管企业对低技能劳动力的需求，引致企业劳动力质量结构向高层次转化。此外，排污权交易制度通过提高企业劳动生产率和提高劳动力价格水平对企业劳动力雇佣产生消极影响。排污权交易制度对企业劳动力雇佣结构的影响具有显著的异质性，受到环境执法力度、行业集中度和企业所有权性质的影响，排污权交易制度主要通过抑制企业低技能劳动力需求对雇佣结构产生影响。本文的发现为进一步全面铺开SO₂排放权交易制度和保障低技能劳动力就业提供了重要的政策启示。

关键词: 排污权交易制度, 劳动力雇佣结构, 低技能劳动力, 劳动生产率, 双重差分

Abstract: Market-based environmental regulation is an effective means to address environmental externalities, and assessing the potential impact of environmental regulation on social effects is an important element of environmental policy assessment. We explore the impact of environmental regulation on companies' labor force hiring structure based on Porter's hypothesis, institutional compliance cost theory and externality theory, as well as combining local static equilibrium models, and explore the impact mechanisms involved. Taking the SO₂ emissions trading program as a quasi-natural experiment, we use DID to reveal the impact of the emissions trading program on companies' labor force hiring structure by observing the SO₂ emitting firms that were A-share listed from 2004 to 2018. the SO₂ emissions trading program has a significant inhibitory effect on enterprises labor hiring, and the annual effect shows an increasing trend from year to year. Further analysis reveals that the emissions trading program has a biasing effect on low-skilled labor force, which significantly reduces the demand for low-skilled labor in regulated enterprises and leads to a shift in the quality structure of the enterprise labor force to higher levels. In addition, the emissions trading program has a negative impact on labor force hiring by increasing labor productivity and labor price levels. The impact of the emissions trading program on the employment structure of companies' labor force is significantly heterogeneous, influenced by the strength of environmental enforcement, industry concentration and the nature of firm ownership. The findings of this paper provide important policy implications for further full-scale rollout of the SO₂ emissions trading program and securing employment of low-skilled labor.

Key words: emissions trading program, labor demand structure, low-skilled labor, labor productivity, DID

吕康娟, 朱四伟, 潘敏杰, 黄敏. 排污权交易制度是否影响了企业劳动力雇佣结构?——来自中国上市公司SO₂排放企业的证据[J]. 管理评论, 2023, 35(12): 239-256.

Lv Kangjuan, Zhu Siwei, Pan Minjie, Huang Min. Does the Emissions Trading Program Affect the Structure of Labor Force Employed by Enterprises?——Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies with SO₂ Emission[J]. Management Review, 2023, 35(12): 239-256.

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排污权交易制度是否影响了企业劳动力雇佣结构?——来自中国上市公司SO₂排放企业的证据

Does the Emissions Trading Program Affect the Structure of Labor Force Employed by Enterprises?——Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies with SO₂ Emission

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