商业模式创新和数字赋能对数字化转型的驱动机制研究——基于TJ-QCA的案例分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 数字赋能和商业模式创新是企业实现数字化转型的重要驱动因素,本文采用案例研究和基于轨迹的定性比较分析,探究两者对制造业企业数字化转型的协同机制,并追踪其转型过程的进化路径。研究发现:数字赋能机制有管控赋能、解析赋能和级联赋能;商业模式创新机制主要有创收型商业模式和编排型商业模式;两者协同驱动数字化转型的路径有产业耦合驱动、自主创新驱动、能力连接驱动和管控辅助驱动4条路径;其中,产业耦合驱动、自主创新驱动是最保守的路径,解析赋能、级联赋能、创收型商业模式和编排型商业模式均是推动制造业企业数字化转型的核心条件,管控赋能是边缘条件。研究结果揭示了数字赋能和商业模式创新对数字化转型协同推进的轨迹,揭示其暗藏在背后的规律,对制造业企业数字化转型实践具有启示意义。

关键词: 数字赋能, 商业模式创新, TJ-QCA, 多案例研究, 组态分析

Abstract: Digital empowerment and business model innovation are two important driving factors for enterprises to realize digital transformation. This paper uses case studies and trajectory-based qualitative comparative analysis to explore the mechanism of how the two factors synergistically act on manufacturing enterprises' digital transformation, and tracks the evolution path of their transformation process. The research finds that the transformation mechanism of digital empowerment includes control empowerment, analytical empowerment and cascade empowerment; the business model innovation mechanism mainly includes income-generating business model and orchestration business model; there are four paths for the two factors to synergistically drive the digital transformation:industry coupling drive, independent innovation drive, capacity connection drive and control auxiliary drive; and among them, industrial coupling drive and independent innovation drive are the most conservative paths. Analytic empowerment, cascade empowerment, income-generating business model and orchestration business model are core conditions to promote the digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises, while control empowerment is a marginal condition. The research results reveal the trajectory along which digital empowerment and business model innovation synergistically promote digital transformation, and reveal the laws behind it, so the conclusions can be used as a reference for manufacturing enterprises to carry out their digital transformation.

Key words: digital empowerment, business model innovation, TJ-QCA, multi case study, configuration analysis

刘思慧, 李文, 俞荣建, 梅蕾. 商业模式创新和数字赋能对数字化转型的驱动机制研究——基于TJ-QCA的案例分析[J]. 管理评论, 2023, 35(8): 342-352.

Liu Sihui, Li Wen, Yu Rongjian, Mei Lei. The Mechanism of How Business Model Innovation and Digital Empowerment Drive Digital Transformation——A Case Study Based on TJ-QCA[J]. Management Review, 2023, 35(8): 342-352.

参考文献

[1] 王冰,毛基业.传统企业如何通过内部创业实现数字化转型? ——基于资源匹配的战略演化视角[J].管理评论, 2021,33(11):43-53
[2] Bican P. M., Brem A. Digital Business Model, Digital Transformation, Digital Entrepreneurship:Is There a Sustainable "Digital"? [J]. Sustainability, 2020,12(13):5239-5240
[3] 王核成,王思惟,刘人怀.企业数字化成熟度模型研究[J].管理评论, 2021,33(12):152-162
[4] Sun C., Lin Z., Vochozka M., et al. Digital Transformation and Corporate Cash Holdings in China's A-share Listed Companies[J]. Oeconomia Copernicana, 2022,13(4):1081-1116
[5] 耿建光,桑国彪,任江涛,等.装备制造企业数字化转型应用支撑平台框架研究[J].现代制造工程, 2023, 508(1):27-34
[6] Kuslak A. From Digital to Universal Manufacturing[J]. International Journal of Production Research, 2022,60(1):349-360
[7] Turetken O., Grefen P., Gllsing R., et al. Service-dominant Business Model Design for Digital Innovation in Smart Mobility[J]. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 2019,61(1):9-29
[8] Lv B., Qi X. Research on Partner Combination Selection of the Supply Chain Collaborative Product Innovation Based on Product Innovative Resources[J]. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 2019,128:245-253
[9] Gebauer H., Fleisch E., Lamprecht C., et al. Growth Paths for Overcoming the Digitalization Paradox[J]. Business Horizons, 2020,63(3):313-323
[10] Makinen M. Digital Empowerment as a Process for Enhancing Citizens' Participation[J]. E-learning and Digital Media, 2006,3(3):381-395
[11] Lenka S., Parida V., Wincent J. Digitalization Capabilities as Enablers of Value Co-creation in Servitizing Firms[J]. Psychology & Marketing, 2017,34(1):92-100
[12] 王丽平,张敏.多因素联动效应对新经济企业商业模式创新的驱动机制研究——基于模糊集的定性比较分析[J].管理评论, 2022,34(3):141-152
[13] Sharma P., Jindal R., Borah M. D. Blockchain Technology for CloudStorage:A Systematic Literature Review[J]. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 2020,53(4):1-32
[14] Zhou L., Jiang Z., Geng N., et al. Production and Operations Management for Intelligent Manufacturing:A Systematic Literature Review[J]. International Journal of Production Research, 2022,60(2):808-846
[15] Vial G. Understanding Digital Transformation:A Review and a Research Agenda[J]. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 2019,28(2):118-144
[16] Ji X., Li W. Digital Transformation:A Review and Research Framework[J]. Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management, 2022,5(3):21-27
[17] Kohtamäki M., Parida V., Patel P. C., et al. The Relationship between Digitalization and Servitization:The Role of Servitization in Capturing the Financial Potential of Digitalization[J]. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 2020,151(C):1-9
[18] Kumar M., Tsolakis N., Agarwal A., et al. Developing Distributed Manufacturing Strategies from the Perspective of a Product-process Matrix[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2020,219:1-17
[19] Rahmati P., Tafti A. R., Westland J. C., et al. When All Products Are Digital:Complexity and Intangible Value in the Ecosystem of Digitizing Firms[J]. MIS Quarterly, 2021,45(3):1025-1058
[20] Bürger O., Häckel B., Karnebogen P., et al. Estimating the Impact of IT Security Incidents in Digitized Production Environments[J]. Decision Support Systems, 2019,127:113-144
[21] Hanelt A., Bohnsack R., Marz D., et al. A Systematic Review of the Literature on Digital Transformation:Insights and Implications for Strategy and Organizational Change[J]. Journal of Management Studies, 2021,58(5):1159-1197
[22] Govindarajan V., Immelt J. R. The Only Way Manufacturers can Survive[J]. MIT Sloan Management Review, 2019,60(3):24-33
[23] Vukši V. B., Ivani L., Vugec D. S. A Preliminary Literature Review of Digital Transformation Case Studies[J]. International Journal of Computer and Information Engineering, 2018,12(9):737-742
[24] Vogelsang K., Liere-Netheler K., Packmohr S., et al. Success Factors for Fostering a Digital Transformation in Manufacturing Companies[J]. Journal of Enterprise Transformation, 2018,8(1-2):121-142
[25] Jones M. D., Hutcheson S., Camba J. D. Past, Present, and Future Barriers to Digital Transformation in Manufacturing:A Review[J]. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 2021,60:936-948
[26] 钱雨,孙新波.数字商业模式设计:企业数字化转型与商业模式创新案例研究[J].管理评论, 2021,33(11):67-83
[27] Markfort L., Arzt A., Kögler P., et al. Patterns of Business Model Innovation for Advancing IoT Platforms[J]. Journal of Service Management, 2021,33(1):70-96
[28] Gunasekaran A., Yusuf Y. Y., Adeleye E. O., et al. Agile Manufacturing:An Evolutionary Review of Practices[J]. International Journal of Production Research, 2019,57(15-16):5154-5174
[29] Werder K., Seidel S., Recker J., et al. Data-driven, Data-informed, Data-augmented:How Ubisoft's Ghost Recon Wildlands Live Unit Uses Data for Continuous Product Innovation[J]. California Management Review, 2020,62(3):86-102
[30] Rožanec J. M., Lu J., Rupnik J., et al. Actionable Cognitive Twins for Decision Making in Manufacturing[J]. International Journal of Production Research, 2022,60(2):452-478
[31] Woodhead R., Stephenson P., Morrey D. Digital Construction:From Point Solutions to IoT Ecosystem[J]. Automation in Construction, 2018,93:35-46
[32] 陈一华,张振刚,黄璐.制造企业数字赋能商业模式创新的机制与路径[J].管理学报, 2021,18(5):731-740
[33] Hock-Doepgen M., Clauss T., Kraus S., et al. Knowledge Management Capabilities and Organizational Risk-Taking for Business Model Innovation in SMEs[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2021,130:683-697
[34] Bocken N. M. P., Short S. W., Rana P., et al. A Literature and Practice Review to Develop Sustainable Business Model Archetypes[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2014,65:42-56
[35] Hanelt A., Busse S., Kolbe L. M. Driving Business Transformation toward Sustainability:Exploring the Impact of Supporting IS on the Performance Contribution of Eco-innovations[J]. Information Systems Journal, 2017,27(4):463-502
[36] Urbinati A., Bogers M., Chiesa V., et al. Creating and Capturing Value from Big Data:A Multiple-case Study Analysis of Provider Companies[J]. Technovation, 2019,84:21-36
[37] Guinan P. J., Parise S., Langowitz N. Creating an Innovative Digital Project Team:Levers to Enable Digital Transformation[J]. Business Horizons, 2019,62(6):717-727
[38] Karami M., Madlener R. Business Model Innovation for the Energy Market:Joint Value Creation for Electricity Retailers and Their Customers[J]. Energy Research & Social Science, 2021,73:1-15
[39] Neirotti P., Pesce D. ICT-based Innovation and Its Competitive Outcome:The Role of Information Intensity[J]. European Journal of Innovation Management, 2019,22(2):383-404
[40] Florian W., Hess T. Digital Innovations[J]. Electronic Markets, 2020,30(1):75-86
[41] 张振刚,张君秋,叶宝升,等.企业数字化转型对商业模式创新的影响[J].科技进步与对策, 2022,39(11):114-123
[42] Nguyen T. T., Ho H. H., Nguyen D. V., et al. The Effects of Business Model on Bank's Stability[J]. International Journal of Financial Studies, 2021,9(3):46
[43] Bidmon C. M., Knab S. F. The Three Roles of Business Models in Societal Transitions:New Linkages between Business model and Transition Research[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018,178:903-916
[44] Mihalache O. R., Volberda H. W. Business Model Innovation in Transforming Economies:A Co-evolutionary Perspective for a Global and Digital World[J]. Management and Organization Review, 2021,17(2):202-225
[45] Yin R. K. Discovering the Future of the Case Study Method in Evaluation Research[J]. Evaluation Practice, 1994,15(3):283-290
[46] Djödin D., Parida V., Kohtamäki M., et al. An Agile Co-creation Process for Digital Servitization[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2020,112(5):478-491
[47] Pagliarin S., Gerrits L. Trajectory-based Qualitative Comparative Analysis:Accounting for Case-based Time Dynamics[J]. Methodological Innovations, 2020,13(3):1-11
[48] 杜运周,李佳馨,刘秋辰,等.复杂动态视角下的组态理论与QCA方法:研究进展与未来方向[J].管理世界, 2021,37(3):180-197
[49] 杜运周,贾良定.组态视角与定性比较分析(QCA):管理学研究的一条新道路[J].管理世界, 2017,(6):155-167
[50] Bravo E. R., Santana M., Rodon J. Automating and Informating:Roles to Examine Technology's Impact on Performance[J]. Behaviour & Information Technology, 2016,35(7):586-604
[51] Sklyar A., Kowalkowski C., Sörhammar D., et al. Resource Integration through Digitalisation:A Service Ecosystem Perspective[J]. Journal of Marketing Management, 2019,35(11-12):974-991
[52] Kusiak. Smart Manufacturing[J]. International Journal of Production Research, 2018,56(1-2):508-517
[53] Skaaning S. E. Assessing the Robustness of Crisp-set and Fuzzy-set QCA Results[J]. Sociological Methods & Research, 2011,40(2):391-408