管理评论 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 243-253,291.

• 组织与战略管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

工业机器人应用如何影响企业运营效率——基于中国制造业上市公司的实证研究

刘骏1, 龚熠1, 刘涛雄2   

  1. 1. 北京外国语大学国际商学院, 北京 100089;
    2. 清华大学社会科学学院, 北京 100084
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-19 出版日期:2023-05-28 发布日期:2023-06-21
  • 通讯作者: 刘涛雄(通讯作者),清华大学社会科学学院教授,博士生导师。
  • 作者简介:刘骏,北京外国语大学国际商学院讲师,硕士生导师;龚熠,北京外国语大学国际商学院研究助理。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年项目(72103023);国家自然科学基金面上项目(72072014);教育部人文社会科学基金青年项目(21YJC790075);北京外国语大学青年学术创新团队项目(2021JT001);北京外国语大学基本科研业务费科研类项目(2020JJ006)。

How does the Application of Industrial Robots Affect the Operational Efficiency of Enterprises: An Empirical Study on China's Listed Manufacturing Firms

Liu Jun1, Gong Yi1, Liu Taoxiong2   

  1. 1. International Business School, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing 100089;
    2. School of Social Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
  • Received:2021-07-19 Online:2023-05-28 Published:2023-06-21

摘要: 作为智能的柔性生产设备,工业机器人可以灵活调整产量规模,能够有效地帮助企业应对需求不确定性和不可预料的外部冲击,提升企业运营效率,获取竞争优势。本文利用国际机器人联盟(IFR)工业机器人报告公布的2014—2019年分行业工业机器人存量数据以及1710家中国制造业上市公司的微观数据,采用“中国企业层面工业机器人渗透度”指标衡量中国企业对于工业机器人的运用程度,并采用工具变量法缓解模型内生性问题,实证检验了工业机器人应用对中国制造业上市公司运营效率的提升作用。本文进一步从是否为国有企业、股权集中度和技术水平三个维度考察了企业特性对“工业机器人提升运营效率”效应的调节作用。研究发现,在国有企业及技术水平越低的企业中,企业机器人渗透度的提高对企业运营效率的提升作用越显著。本文最后为政府和企业在“如何提升工业机器人应用效果”问题上提出了可行建议,为中国制造业企业提高自身运营效率提供了一定的指导思路。

关键词: 工业机器人, 机器人渗透度, 企业运营效率

Abstract: As intelligent flexible production equipment, industrial robots can flexibly adjust the output scale, which can effectively help enterprises cope with demand uncertainty and unpredictable external shocks, improve enterprise operation efficiency, and obtain competitive advantages. In this paper, the stock data of industrial robots in different industries from 2014 to 2019 released by the International Federation of Robotics (IFR) Industrial Robots Report and the microdata of 1,710 listed Chinese manufacturing companies are used. The "penetration degree of industrial robots at the Chinese enterprise level" index is used to measure the application degree of industrial robots in Chinese enterprises, and the instrumental variable method is used to alleviate the endogeneity problem. This paper empirically tests the role of industrial robot applications in improving the operational efficiency of listed manufacturing companies in China. This paper further investigates the moderating effects of enterprise characteristics on the effect of "industrial robots improving operational efficiency" from three dimensions:whether they are state-owned enterprises, ownership concentration, and technological level. It is found that in state-owned enterprises and enterprises at lower technological levels, the improvement of enterprise robot penetration has a more significant effect on enterprise operation efficiency. In the end, this paper puts forward feasible suggestions for the government and enterprises on "how to improve the application effect of industrial robots" and provides certain guiding ideas for Chinese manufacturing enterprises to improve their own operational efficiency.

Key words: industrial robots, industrial robot penetration, operational efficiency