税收激进度对审计定价的影响——基于非线性关系视角

管理评论 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 265-278.

税收激进度对审计定价的影响——基于非线性关系视角

刘笑霞¹, 李明辉², 刘行³

1. 南京理工大学经济管理学院, 南京 210094;
2. 南京大学商学院, 南京 210093;
3. 东北财经大学会计学院, 大连 116025

收稿日期:2019-02-26 出版日期:2022-04-28 发布日期:2022-05-18
通讯作者: 李明辉(通讯作者),南京大学商学院教授,博士生导师,博士。
作者简介:刘笑霞,南京理工大学经济管理学院教授,博士生导师,博士;刘行,东北财经大学会计学院教授,博士生导师,博士。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年项目(71602047);江苏高校哲学社会科学研究重大项目(2020SJZDA072)。

Tax Aggressiveness and Audit Pricing: Nonlinearity Perspective

Liu Xiaoxia¹, Li Minghui², Liu Hang³

1. School of Economics & Management, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094;
2. Business School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093;
3. School of Accountancy, Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, Dalian 116025

Received:2019-02-26 Online:2022-04-28 Published:2022-05-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用中国上市公司数据考察了税收激进度对审计定价的影响，结果发现，只有在税收激进度处于较高水平时，其与审计费用率呈显著正向关系；当税收激进度处于较低水平时，其与审计费用率呈显著负向关系。这表明，当公司避税程度较低时，审计师并未将税收激进度提高视为风险提高的标志，从而提高审计收费；相反，他们可能会将适当的避税看成是能够提高股东财富的正面活动，从而降低审计收费。进一步研究发现，当税收激进度较高时，机构投资者持股比例、分析师跟踪、内部控制质量能够缓解税收激进度与审计定价的正向关系，而当税收激进度较低时，上述因素没有显著的调节作用。这一研究不仅有助于了解审计师对公司避税行为的反应，而且有助于更全面地理解公司避税行为的两面性。

关键词: 税收激进度, 审计风险, 审计定价, 利益联结观, 代理观

Abstract: Using the data of A-share listed companies, this paper explores the effect of tax aggressiveness on audit pricing (proxied by audit fee ratio). The results show that tax aggressiveness is positively related with audit pricing only when tax aggressiveness is at a high level. When tax aggressiveness is at a low level, however, there is a significant negative relationship between tax aggressiveness and audit pricing. Such results demonstrate that when a company is at a low level of tax avoidance, auditor would not regard the increased tax aggressiveness as a sign of risk, but as a possitive effort to increase shareholders ’ wealth. Further tests show that ownership by institutional investors, internal-control quality and analyst coverage can alleviate the positive relationship between tax aggressiveness and audit pricing when the tax aggressiveness is at a high level. When the tax aggressiveness is at low level, however, the above factors do not play a significant mediating role. This paper helps understand the auditor’s response to client’s tax avoidance behavior and the double-sidedness of corporate tax avoidance.

Key words: tax aggressiveness, audit risk, audit pricing, traditional perspective, agency perspective

刘笑霞, 李明辉, 刘行. 税收激进度对审计定价的影响——基于非线性关系视角[J]. 管理评论, 2022, 34(4): 265-278.

Liu Xiaoxia, Li Minghui, Liu Hang. Tax Aggressiveness and Audit Pricing: Nonlinearity Perspective[J]. Management Review, 2022, 34(4): 265-278.

参考文献

[1] Mills L. R., Newberry K. J. The Influence of Tax and Non-Tax Costs on Book-Tax Reporting Differences:Public and Private Firms[J]. Journal of the American Taxation Association, 2001,23(1):1-19
[2] Hanlon M. The Persistence and Pricing of Earnings, Accruals, and Cash Flows When Firms Have Large Book-Tax Differences[J]. The Accounting Review, 2005,80(1):137-166
[3] Ettredge M. L., Sun L. Lee P., et al. Is Earnings Fraud Associated with High Deferred Tax and/or Book Minus Tax Levels?[J]. Auditing:A Journal of Practice&Theory, 2008,27(1):1-33
[4] Badertscher B. A., Phillips J. D., Pincus M., et al. Earnings Management Strategies and the Trade-off between Tax Benefits and Detection Risk:To Conform or Not to Conform?[J]. The Accounting Review, 2009,84(1):63-97
[5] Hanlon M., Heitzman S. A. Review of Tax Research[J]. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 2010,50(2-3):127-178
[6] Hanlon M., Krishnan G. V., Mills L. F. Audit Fees and Book-Tax Differences[J]. The Journal of the American Taxation Association, 2012,34(1):55-86
[7] Graham J. R., Raedy J. S., Shackelford D. A. Research in Accounting for Income Taxes[J]. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 2012,53(1-2):412-434
[8] Desai M. A., Dharmapala D. Corporate Tax Avoidance and High Powered Incentives[J]. Journal of Financial Economics, 2006,79(1):145-179
[9] Desai M. A., Dharmapala D. Earnings Management, Corporate Tax Shelters, and Book-Tax Alignment[J]. National Tax Journal, 2009,62(1):169-186
[10] Donohoe M. P., Knechel W. R. Does Corporate Tax Aggressiveness Influence Audit Pricing?[J]. Contemporary Accounting Research, 2014,31(1):284-308
[11] 钱春杰,周中胜.会计-税收差异,审计收费和"不清洁"审计意见[J].审计研究, 2007,(1):59-67
[12] 赵国庆.税会差异、审计风险与审计收费[J].财经问题研究, 2014,(9):100-106
[13] 陈冬,罗祎.公司避税影响审计定价吗[J].经济管理, 2015,37(3):98-109
[14] 谭青,鲍树琛.会计-税收差异能够影响审计收费吗?[J].审计研究, 2015,(2):81-88
[15] Blaylock B. S. Is Tax Avoidance Associated with Economically Significant Rent Extraction among U.S. Firms?[J]. Contemporary Accounting Research, 2016,33(3):1013-1043
[16] 罗党论,魏翥.政治关联与民营企业避税行为研究[J].南方经济, 2012,(11):29-39
[17] Desai M. A., Dharmapala D. Corporate Tax Avoidance and Firm Value[J]. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2009,91(3):537-546
[18] Wilson R. J. An Examination of Corporate Tax Shelter Participants[J]. The Accounting Review, 2009,84(3):969-999
[19] 陈冬,唐建新.机构投资者持股、避税寻租与企业价值[J].经济评论, 2013,(6):133-143
[20] 王静,张天西,郝东洋.委托代理视角下的公司税收规避价值效应研究[J].证券市场导报, 2014,(9):52-60
[21] Armstrong C. S., Blouin J. L., Jagolinzer A. D., et al. Corporate Governance, Incentives, and Tax Avoidance[J]. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 2015,60(1):1-17
[22] 李成,吴育辉,胡文骏.董事会内部联结、税收规避与企业价值[J].会计研究,2016,(7):50-57
[23] Hanlon M., Slemrod J. What does Tax Aggressiveness Signal?Evidence from Stock Price Reactions to News about Tax Shelter Involvement[J]. Journal of Public Economics, 2009,93(1-2):126-141
[24] Frank M. M., Lynch L. J., Rego S. O. Tax Reporting Aggressiveness and Its Relation to Aggressive Financial Reporting[J]. The Accounting Review, 2009,84(2):467-496
[25] 陈冬,唐建新.高管薪酬、避税寻租与会计信息披露[J].经济管理, 2012,34(5):114-122
[26] Kim J., Li Y., Zhang L. Corporate Tax Avoidance and Stock Price Crash Risk:Firm-Level Analysis[J]. Journal of Financial Economics, 2011,100(3):639-662
[27] 江轩宇.税收征管、税收激进与股价崩盘风险[J].南开管理评论, 2013,16(5):152-160
[28] Wahab N. S. A., Holland K. Tax Planning, Corporate Governance and Equity Value[J]. The British Accounting Review, 2012,44(2):111-124
[29] Chen X., Hu N., Wang X., et al. Tax Avoidance and Firm Value:Evidence from China[J]. Nankai Business Review International, 2014,5(1):25-42
[30] Chan K. H., Mo P. L. L., Tang T. Tax Avoidance and Tunneling:Empirical Analysis from an Agency Perspective[J]. Journal of International Accounting Research, 2016,15(3):49-66
[31] Rego S. O. Tax Avoidance Activities of U.S. Multinational Corporations[J]. Contemporary Accounting Research, 2003,20(4):805-833
[32] Khurana I. K., Moser W. J. Institutional Shareholders'Investment Horizons and Tax Avoidance[J]. The Journal of the American Taxation Association, 2013,35(1):111-134
[33] Desai M. A., Dyck A., Zingales L. Theft and Taxation[J]. Journal of Financial Economics, 2007,84(3):591-623
[34] 叶康涛,刘行.公司避税活动与内部代理成本[J].金融研究, 2014,(9):158-176
[35] 廖歆欣,刘运国.企业避税、信息不对称与管理层在职消费[J].南开管理评论, 2016,19(2):87-99
[36] Hasan I., Hoi C. K., Wu Q., et al. Beauty Is in the Eye of the Beholder:The Effect of Corporate Tax Avoidance on the Cost of Bank Loans[J]. Journal of Financial Economics, 2014,113(1):109-130
[37] Hope O., Ma M., Thomas W. B. Tax Avoidance and Geographic Earnings Disclosure[J]. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 2013,56(2-3):170-189
[38] Francis B. B., Hasan I., Wu Q., et al. Are Female CFOs Less Tax Aggressive?Evidence from Tax Aggressiveness[J]. The Journal of the American Taxation Association, 2014,36(2):171-202
[39] Graham J. R., Hanlon M., Shevlin T., et al. Incentives for Tax Planning and Avoidance:Evidence from the Field[J]. The Accounting Review, 2014,89(3):991-1023
[40] Hardeck I., Hertl R. Consumer Reactions to Corporate Tax Strategies:Effects on Corporate Reputation and Purchasing Behavior[J]. Journal of Business Ethics, 2014,123(2):309-326
[41] 刘行,叶康涛.企业的避税活动会影响投资效率吗?[J].会计研究, 2013,(6):47-53
[42] Seetharaman A., Gul F. A., Lynn S. G. Litigation Risk and Audit Fees:Evidence from UK Firms Cross-listed on US Markets[J]. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 2002,33(1):91-115
[43] 李补喜,王平心.上市公司审计费用率影响因素实证研究[J].南开管理评论, 2005,8(2):91-95
[44] 闫焕民,刘宁,陈小林.事务所转制是否影响审计定价策略?[J].审计研究, 2015,(5):93-101
[45] Yu F. Analyst Coverage and Earnings Management[J]. Journal of Financial Economics, 2008,88(2):245-271
[46] Chen T., Lin C. Does Information Asymmetry affect Corporate Tax Aggressiveness?[J]. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 2017,52(5):2053-2081
[47] Bauer A. M. Tax Avoidance and the Implications of Weak Internal Controls[J]. Contemporary Accounting Research, 2016,33(2):449-486